Stereological estimates yielded 21.1% endothelial cells and 65.5% glial cells (glia-neuron ratio of 4.9–5.6). In the cynomolgus monkey spinal cord, the isotropic fractionator and stereology yielded 206–275 million cells, of which 13.3–25.1% were neurons (28–69 million). We also determined whether segmental differences in cellular composition, possibly reflecting increased fine motor control of the upper extremities, may explain a sharply increased glia-neuron ratio in primates. Here, we re-examined the cellular composition of the spinal cord of one human and one non-human primate species by employing two different counting methods, the isotropic fractionator and stereology. In the primate spinal cord, however, the glia-neuron ratio was reported to be greatly increased over that in the rodent spinal cord. The cellular composition of brains shows largely conserved, gradual evolutionary trends between species.
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